Needle-Stick and Sharps Injury Guidelines

Understanding Needle-Stick and Sharps Injuries

Needle-stick injuries occur when a needle, used on someone else, punctures your skin, potentially transferring infections. Sharps injuries are similar but involve other medical tools or sharp objects such as scalpel blades, lancets, broken glass, or equipment.

Injuries from sharps that have not been contaminated by others typically cause pain and bleeding. Depending on the nature of the cut, further injuries may occur. Proper handling and disposal are crucial to prevent such injuries.

When a sharp that has been used on someone else injures another person, the risk is significantly higher. Body fluids may be transferred into the bloodstream, posing a serious infection risk.

Industries at Risk

Needle-stick and sharps injuries can occur in various sectors including:

• Healthcare
• Dentistry
• Tattooing
• Beauty therapy
• Vehicle breakdown recovery
• Cleaning companies
• Hotels
• Areas with illegal drug use

First Aid for Needle-Stick Injuries

If you pierce or puncture your skin with a used needle, follow these first aid steps immediately:

1. Encourage Bleeding: Let the wound bleed, preferably under running water.
2. Wash the Wound: Clean the wound with running water and plenty of soap. Avoid scrubbing or sucking the wound.
3. Dry and Cover: Dry the wound and cover it with a waterproof plaster or dressing.

Seek urgent medical advice by visiting the nearest Accident and Emergency (A&E) department or contacting your employer’s Occupational Health service if the injury occurred at work.

Medical Assessment and Treatment

A healthcare professional will:

• Assess the risks to your health and ask about the injury.
• Conduct tests, including blood tests, and advise on the next steps.
• With consent, test the blood of the person from whom the needle or sharp was used, if applicable.

If the risk of infection is deemed low, no treatment may be necessary. However, if the risk is higher, you may need:

• Antibiotic Treatment
• Vaccination Against Hepatitis B
• Treatment to Prevent HIV: In cases of high risk, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) may be considered.